Niobium C103 Daim Ntawvyog hais txog phaj lossis ntawv cov khoom ua los ntawm C-103 niobium-raws li alloy. C-103 yog classic siab- kub refractory hlau alloy nrog nominal muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm kwv yees li 89% niobium (Nb), 10% hafnium (Hf), thiab 1% titanium (Ti), qee zaum muaj me me zirconium (Zr). Nws raug xaiv UNS R04295 thiab tseem hu ua Nb-10Hf-1Ti lossis WC-103. Qhov no lub cev-centered cubic (BCC) refractory alloy muaj ib tug ceev ntawm txog 8.85 g / cm³ - qhov qis tshaj ntawm refractory hlau - thiab ib tug melting point ntawm roughly 2350 ± 50 degree.
Tsim nyob rau thaum ntxov 1960s los ntawm US cov koom haum (xws li Wah Chang thiab Boeing) rau aerospace propulsion systems, C-103 tau tsim los ua kom tau raws li ob qhov kev xav tau ntawm siab - kub, siab - kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov qauv kev ua haujlwm thaum khaws cov ntaub ntawv zoo. Nws thawj zaug pom kev pabcuam hauv Apollo program ntawm lub nozzle txuas ntxiv ntawm lunar module thiab kev pabcuam module xyaw. Txij thaum ntawd los, nws tseem yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau siv niobium alloys nyob rau hauv qhov chaw propulsion, tshwm nyob rau hauv foob pob ua ntxaij nozzles, thrust chambers, satellite cwj pwm tswj thrusters, thiab hypersonic tsheb Cheebtsam.
Lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm C-103 yog nyob rau hauv nws qhov sib npaug sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev siab siab - qhov kub thiab txias zog thiab zoo heev fabricability. Nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub nws nthuav tawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws ductility (elongation feem ntau ntau dua los yog sib npaug li 20%) thiab cov ductile tsis tshua muaj - rau - nkig hloov kub (tsawg li -150℃lossis qis dua), ua rau nws tiv taus siab - zaus vibrations nyob rau hauv cryogenic tej yam kev mob. Ntawm qhov kub siab (txog li 1480℃/ 2700℃F), nws khaws cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab nkag siab tsis kam, ua rau nws tshwj xeeb tshaj yog haum rau cov cheeb tsam hluav taws xob-txias nozzle.
Txhua yam khoom siv (annealed mob, raws li ASTM B654 thiab lwm yam qauv):
Chav-kub tensile zog ≈ 370–385 MPa (nyob ntawm thickness), yield zog ≈ 260–275 MPa, elongation Ntau dua los yog sib npaug li 20%.
Ntawm ≈1093℃(2000℃F), tensile lub zog ≈145 MPa, yield zog ≈110 MPa, thaum tseem tuav tau zoo ductility.
Lub cev, nws muaj cov thermal conductivity nruab nrab (zoo dua rau ntau cov npib tsib xee{0}}raws li superalloys), ib coefficient tsawg ntawm thermal expansion, thiab elastic modulus nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 90-110 GPa. Ntawm cov hlau refractory nws yog qhov sib piv yooj yim rau txias- ua haujlwm, daim ntawv, thiab vuam (tshwj xeeb yog los ntawm TIG), uas yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv nws qhov ntev - xaiv.
Ib qho kev txwv tseem ceeb yog qhov tsis muaj niobium thiab nws cov alloys oxidize sai hauv huab cua ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Hauv kev pabcuam, C-103 cov khoom yuav luag ib txwm tau txais kev tiv thaiv silicide coatings (xws li R-512E), uas ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kawg ntawm nws qhov kub thiab txias.
2. Cov Qauv Khoom thiab Cov Lus Qhia Tshwj Xeeb
Niobium C103 Sheet feem ntau txhais tau tias cov ntsuas nyias nyias (feem ntau 0.024–0.1875 hauv / ≈0.6–4.8 mm tuab) nrog qhov dav txog li 24 hauv (61 cm); tuab phaj kuj muaj. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb muaj xws li:
ASTM B654 / B654M (phaj, ntawv, thiab sawb)
AMS 7852 (daim ntawv / phaj)
Cov qauv sib xws rau billet, bar, thiab hlau xws li ASTM B652, B655, thiab AMS 7857.
Cov hlau yog tsim los ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev melting (electron-beam lossis nqus tsev-arc) kom tau txais homogeneous ingots, ua raws li forging, dov, thiab annealing. Cov khoom siv yog muab rau hauv cov txheej txheem annealed lossis recrystallized nrog lub ntsej muag zoo tsim nyog rau kev sib sau ua ntu zus thiab vuam.
3. Cov ntawv thov thawj coj
Space propulsion systems-covkev siv tseem ceeb. Radiation-txias nozzle txuas ntxiv (nrog rau cov hauv Apollo cav thiab SpaceX Falcon Merlin Nqus nozzles), combustion chambers, thrust chambers, thiab cwj pwm / orbit- tswj thrusters. Tsawg ntom pab txo qhov hnyav ntawm cov qauv, thaum cov ductility siab ua kom yooj yim sib sau thiab vuam.
Missiles thiab tua tsheb -thrust-vectoringnozzles thiab siab -kub yam ntxwv qhov chaw.
Aircraft cav-afterburner- hais txogcov khoom (piv txwv li, flaps).
Hypersonic thiab huab -kev siv ib puag ncig- uacov npoo, thermal-cov khoom tiv thaiv, thiab cov khoom raug thermal cycling thiab siab- zaus vibration.
Cov kev siv tam sim no -C-103hmoov rau additive manufacturing tau enabled zus tau tej cov complex thruster geometries, expanding tsim possibilities.
4. Kev Lag Luam Txoj Haujlwm thiab Outlook
Txawm hais tias C-103 tsis yog qhov siab tshaj - lub zog niobium alloy muaj (tom qab alloys xws li Nb521 muab cov qib siab tshaj - qhov kub thiab txias), nws zoo heev tag nrho fabricability, txhim khu kev qha weldability, thiab dav dav cov cuab yeej cuab tam tau ua rau nws cov khoom siv ua haujlwm. Nws ua rau muaj kev sib npaug ntawm cov nqi, kev ua tau zoo, thiab kev tsim khoom, haum rau ob qho tib si siab - kev cia siab thiab siab dua - ntim cov tseev kom muaj. Cov khoom tseem ceeb-chain muaj xws li muaj niobium thiab hafnium, tswj nruj ntawm melting purity, thiab txheej tshuab.
Kev tsim khoom xav tau kev tswj hwm nruj ntawm kev cuam tshuam cov impurities (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov pa oxygen, nitrogen, thiab carbon) thiab kev ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev siab, ua rau cov khoom kim heev. Hauv kev pabcuam, kev tiv thaiv huab cua lossis cov txheej tsis zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb los tiv thaiv kev kub siab oxidation thiab khoom degradation.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, Niobium C103 Sheet yog ib qho khoom tshwj xeeb uas tsis tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm siab -kub aerospace. Los ntawm kev sib txuas niobium qhov tsawg ntom ntom thiab ductility nrog kev ntxiv dag zog ntawm hafnium thiab titanium, nws muab kev ntseeg tau zoo nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias. Los ntawm Apollo era los ntawm niaj hnub no cov chaw lag luam kev lag luam, nws tseem yog ib qho khoom siv rau lub teeb yuag, siab -kub propulsion systems. Kev nce qib ntxiv hauv kev tsim khoom ntxiv thiab kev tiv thaiv cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau ua kom nthuav dav nws cov ntawv thov ntau yam.
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