Kev txheeb xyuas qhov sib txawv ntawm Nb1 thiab Nb2: Kev sib piv kev ua haujlwm ntawm purity, kev ua tau zoo thiab kev siv cov xwm txheej

Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm Nb1 thiab Nb2 yog qib purity tswj. Raws li lub teb chaws tus qauv (xws li GB / T 3630-2017 "Niobium thiab Niobium Alloy Phaj, Sawb thiab Foil"), Nb1 txhais tau tias yog qib siab purity niobium, nrog cov ntsiab lus niobium (feem ntau) tsis tsawg dua 99.95%, thaum Nb2 tsis yog cov ntsiab lus ntshiab ntau dua. 99.9%.

Ntxiv kev sib piv ntawm impurity element txwv:

- Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb impurity: Nb1 muaj cov kev cai nruj dua rau cov khoom sib txuam xws li oxygen, nitrogen, thiab carbon. Piv txwv li, cov ntsiab lus oxygen hauv Nb1 tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.02%, thaum Nb2 tuaj yeem so kom tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.05%; nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm nitrogen cov ntsiab lus, Nb1 Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 0.01%, Nb2 Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 0.02%; nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus carbon, Nb1 Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 0.01%, Nb2 Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 0.02%.

- Hlau impurities: Nb1 kuj muaj qis dua tus neeg txwv rau cov hlau impurities xws li tantalum, hlau, tungsten, thiab titanium. Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus impurity feem ntau yog tswj tsis pub dhau 0.05%, thaum Nb2 tso cai rau tag nrho cov impurities mus txog 0.10% ~ 0.15%.

Qhov sib txawv no ncaj qha vim qhov sib txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem melting: Nb1 feem ntau siv electron beam melting lossis nqus ntshav plasma melting, uas tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov impurities tsis zoo; Nb2 feem ntau siv lub tshuab nqus tsev arc melting, uas yog tus nqi qis dua tab sis tsawg dua ntshiab. Tsis tas li ntawd, Nb1 feem ntau siv ntau dua ob lub teeb hluav taws xob refining, thaum Nb2 tsuas yog xav tau ib qho melting, thiab lub voj voog ntau lawm thiab kev siv hluav taws xob sib txawv heev.

Qhov sib txawv ntawm purity yog txuas ntxiv mus rau lub cev thiab lub zog ntawm cov khoom siv:

- Hardness thiab Strength: Vim yog cov tshuaj muaj zog ntxiv zog ntawm cov ntsiab lus interstitial (oxygen, nitrogen), chav tsev kub tensile zog ntawm Nb2 feem ntau yog siab dua li ntawm Nb1. Cov ntaub ntawv raug qhia tias lub zog tensile ntawm annealed Nb1 yog 140 ~ 200 MPa thiab qhov elongation yog ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 30%; Thaum lub zog tensile ntawm Nb2 tuaj yeem ncav cuag 180 ~ 240 MPa, tab sis qhov elongation poob me ntsis mus rau ntau dua 25%. Hauv ntej, Nb2 muaj zog dua, thiab Nb1 muaj cov yas zoo dua. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm Vickers hardness, Nb1 yog hais txog 65 HV thiab Nb2 yog hais txog 80 HV.

- Kev ua haujlwm kub qis: Hauv ultra- qhov kub thiab txias ib puag ncig (xws li kua helium kub 4.2 K), Nb1 muaj cov impurities tsawg dua thiab siab lattice kev ncaj ncees, nthuav tawm cov ductility ruaj khov thiab tswj cov thermal conductivity tsawg, thiab yog cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov kab noj hniav superconducting; thaum impurities hauv Nb2 yuav dhau los ua qhov pib tawg, thiab qhov hloov pauv hloov kub me ntsis siab dua (txog -30 degree, Nb1 tuaj yeem ncav cuag qis dua -50 degree).

- Recrystallization Behavior: Nb1 muaj qhov kub siab dua recrystallization pib (kwv yees 1050 degree) dua Nb2 (kwv yees 980 degree), uas txhais tau hais tias Nb1 tuaj yeem tswj tau cov qauv nplej zoo dua thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm kub thiab tsim nyog rau cov khoom lag luam nrog cov txheej txheem kho cua sov dav dua.

Nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig corrosive (xws li kub concentrated hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, los yog muaj zog alkaline xov xwm), ob qho tib si cov ntaub ntawv ua tau zoo, tab sis muaj qhov sib txawv me ntsis vim qhov ncaj ncees ntawm cov oxide zaj duab xis:

- Nb1: Cov purity siab heev coj cov denser thiab ntau dua cov yeeb yaj kiab passivation (lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog Nb₂O₅), uas tiv taus pitting corrosion hauv cov tshuaj lom neeg hnyav dua. Nws yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog haum rau semiconductor- qib tshuaj cov khoom siv thiab siab -purity acid xa pipelines.

- Nb2: Corrosion resistance yog txaus nyob rau hauv cov pa ib puag ncig kev lag luam, tab sis thaum siv fluorine - muaj los yog muaj zog oxidizing media rau lub sij hawm ntev, impurities yuav ua rau lub zos corrosion tshwm sim nyiam. Piv txwv li, qhov nyiam ntawm intergranular corrosion tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib cais ntawm impurities ntawm cov ciam teb yog me ntsis siab dua li ntawm Nb1.

Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev ua, Nb2 yog ntau haum rau cov neeg kho tshuab txiav - nws me ntsis hardness yog conducive kom tau ib tug du nto, thiab cov chips yog yooj yim rau tawg; thaum Nb1 muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev ua tiav, xws li kev sib sib zog nqus nqus thiab micro- sib sau. Vim nws cov plasticity zoo thiab ob peb cov impurities thiab tsis xws luag, nws tsis yooj yim rau kev tsim cov kab nrib pleb, thiab yog tsim rau ua nyias- cov hlab ntsa, foils, thiab complex, tshwj xeeb - zoo li tus.

Raws li qhov sib txawv saum toj no, kev faib tawm meej ntawm daim ntawv thov kev ua haujlwm tau tsim hauv kev lag luam:

- Nb1 tseem ceeb daim ntawv thov: xov tooj cua zaus superconducting acceleration chambers (xws li particle accelerators), siab -kev ua tau zoo siab-kub alloy additives (yuav tsum tau muaj cov pa oxygen tsawg heev, xws li npib tsib xee-raws li ib qho siv lead ua superalloys), sputtering cov hom phiaj kev kho mob (thaj chaw) (zoo biocompatibility thiab tsis yog - toxicity, xws li pob txha rau tes thiab vascular stents).

- Kev siv Nb2: Cov tshuaj tua hluav taws xob hauv ob sab phlu, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txuas, cov hlua khi, niobium hangers rau anodizing, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv kho qhov muag evaporation nkoj, thiab tus nqi-sensitive loj-size niobium crude khoom (xws li.

Cov kev cai yooj yim rau kev xaiv: Yog tias ib puag ncig kev pabcuam cuam tshuam nrog ultra- qhov kub thiab txias, muaj zog corrosion, lossis ultra- lub tshuab nqus tsev siab, thiab kev ua haujlwm rov ua haujlwm yog qhov tseem ceeb, xaiv Nb1; Yog hais tias cov kev ua hauj lwm tej yam kev mob yog cov pa chemical media, chav tsev kub mus rau nruab nrab kub ntau yam (<800°C), and cost-effectiveness is a priority, then Nb2 is fully qualified. Special reminder: In the field of superconducting applications, the residual resistance ratio (RRR) of Nb1 is usually required to be ≥200, while the RRR of Nb2 is only about 50~80, and cannot be mixed.